Synthesis, Properties, and Derivatization of Poly(dihydrogermane): A Germanium-Based mostly Polyethylene Analogue
Polygermanes are germanium-based analogues of polyolefins and possess polymer backbones made up catenated Ge atoms. Within the current contribution we report the preparation of a germanium polyethylene analogue, polydihydrogermane (GeH2)n, through two simple approaches that contain topotactic deintercalation of Ca ions from the CaGe Zintl section.
The ensuing (GeH2)n possesses morphologically dependent chemical and digital properties and thermally decomposes to yield amorphous hydrogenated Ge. We additionally present that the ensuing (GeH2)n gives a platform from which functionalized polygermanes might be ready through thermally induced hydrogermylation-mediated pendant group substitution.
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Polyethylene Glycol from General in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: Sandwich ELISA kit used for quantitate HSP70 concentration in Serum, Plasma, Cell Lysates, Tissue samples from Human, Monkey, Dog, Rat, Mouse
Description: Sandwich ELISA kit used for quantitate HSP70 concentration in Serum, Plasma, Cell Lysates, Tissue samples from Human, Monkey, Dog, Rat, Mouse
Description: Thishigh-sensitivity Human Growth Hormone ELISA Kit is to be used for the invitro quantitative determination of human growth hormone (hGH) concentrationsin serum.
Description: Description of target: The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb. Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1.;Species reactivity: Dog;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 6.5 pg/mL
Il10 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Mouse) (OKCD01301)
Description: Description of target: Inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T-cells. ;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.43 pg/mL
Il1a High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Mouse) (OKCD01303)
Description: Description of target: Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. ;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 1.03 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. ;Species reactivity: Rat;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 3.8 pg/mL
IL2 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD01305)
Description: Description of target: Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells. ;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.51 pg/mL
IL6 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Bovine) (OKCD01306)
Description: Description of target: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation.;Species reactivity: Bovine;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.45 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation.;Species reactivity: Goat;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.138 pg/mL
IL6 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD01308)
Description: Description of target: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation. ;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.35 pg/mL
IL6 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Sheep) (OKCD01309)
Description: Description of target: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation.;Species reactivity: Sheep;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.46 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation.;Species reactivity: Rat;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.47 pg/mL
IL8 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD01311)
Description: Description of target: IL-8 is a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes. It is also involved in neutrophil activation. It is released from several cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8(6-77) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation, IL-8(5-77) has increased activity on neutrophil activation and IL-8(7-77) has a higher affinity to receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 as compared to IL-8(1-77), respectively.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 1.7 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: Cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. Also cleaves collagens of types VII and X. ;Species reactivity: Rabbit;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 11.5 pg/mL
MMP13 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD01314)
Description: Description of target: Plays a role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillar collagen, fibronectin, TNC and ACAN. Cleaves triple helical collagens, including type I, type II and type III collagen, but has the highest activity with soluble type II collagen. Can also degrade collagen type IV, type XIV and type X. May also function by activating or degrading key regulatory proteins, such as TGFB1 and CTGF. Plays a role in wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization and ossification. Required for normal embryonic bone development and ossification. Plays a role in the healing of bone fractures via endochondral ossification. Plays a role in wound healing, probably by a mechanism that involves proteolytic activation of TGFB1 and degradation of CTGF. Plays a role in keratinocyte migration during wound healing. May play a role in cell migration and in tumor cell invasion.1;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 12.1 pg/mL
Mmp13 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Mouse) (OKCD01315)
Description: Description of target: Plays a role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillar collagen, fibronectin, TNC and ACAN. Cleaves triple helical collagens, including type I, type II and type III collagen, but has the highest activity with soluble type II collagen. Can also degrade collagen type IV, type XIV and type X. May also function by activating or degrading key regulatory proteins, such as TGFB1 and CTGF. Plays a role in wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization and ossification. Required for normal embryonic bone development and ossification. Plays a role in the healing of bone fractures via endochondral ossification. Plays a role in wound healing, probably by a mechanism that involves proteolytic activation of TGFB1 and degradation of CTGF. Plays a role in keratinocyte migration during wound healing. May play a role in cell migration and in tumor cell invasion.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: < 6.3 pg/mL
NGF High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD01316)
Description: Description of target: Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades through those receptor tyrosine kinase to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival. Inhibits metalloproteinase dependent proteolysis of platelet glycoprotein VI.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.97 pg/mL
Cxcl12 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Rat) (OKCD01317)
Description: Description of target: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line.;Species reactivity: Rat;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 5.5 pg/mL
TNF High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD01318)
Description: Description of target: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.49 pg/mL
IFNB High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Chicken) (OKCD01319)
Description: Description of target: Inhibits factor X (X(a)) directly and, in a Xa-dependent way, inhibits VIIa/tissue factor activity, presumably by forming a quaternary Xa/LACI/VIIa/TF complex. It possesses an antithrombotic action and also the ability to associate with lipoproteins in plasma. ;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.057 ng/mL
MBP High Sensitivity ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD01323)
Description: Description of target: The classic group of MBP isoforms (isoform 4-isoform 14) are with PLP the most abundant protein components of the myelin membrane in the CNS. They have a role in both its formation and stabilization. The smaller isoforms might have an important role in remyelination of denuded axons in multiple sclerosis. The non-classic group of MBP isoforms (isoform 1-isoform 3/Golli-MBPs) may preferentially have a role in the early developing brain long before myelination, maybe as components of transcriptional complexes, and may also be involved in signaling pathways in T-cells and neural cells. Differential splicing events combined with optional post-translational modifications give a wide spectrum of isomers, with each of them potentially having a specialized function. Induces T-cell proliferation.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 6.4 pg/mL
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Coarse grained simulation of the aggregation and construction management of polyethylene nanocrystals
Polyethylene (PE) telechelics with carboxylate practical teams at each ends have been proven to assemble into hexagonal nanocrystal platelets with a peak outlined by their chain size in primary CsOH-solution. On this coarse grained (CG) simulation research we present how properties of the practical teams alter the aggregation and crystallization habits of these telechelics. Systematic variation of the parameters of the CG mannequin confirmed that vital components which management nanoparticle stability and construction are the PE chain size and the hydrophilicity and the steric demand of the top teams.
To characterize the aggregation course of we analyzed the quantity and measurement of the obtained aggregates in addition to intramolecular order and intermolecular alignment of the polymer chains. By comparability of CG and atomistic simulation knowledge, it might be proven that atomistic simulations representing completely different chemical techniques might be emulated with particular, completely different CG parameter units. Thus, the outcomes from the (generic) CG simulation fashions can be utilized to elucidate the impact of various head teams and completely different counterions on the aggregation of PE telechelics and the order of the obtained nanocrystals.
Modelling the visible response to an OUReP retinal prosthesis with photoelectric dye coupled to polyethylene movie
Goal: Retinal prostheses have been developed to revive imaginative and prescient in blind sufferers affected by ailments like retinitis pigmentosa.
Method: A brand new kind of retinal prosthesis referred to as the Okayama College-type Retinal Prosthesis (OUReP) was developed by chemically coupling photoelectric dyes to a polyethylene movie floor. The prosthesis works by passively producing an electrical potential when stimulated by mild. Nevertheless, the neurophysiological mechanism of how OUReP stimulates the degenerated retina is unknown.
Primary outcomes: Right here, we discover how the OUReP impacts retinal tissues utilizing a finite ingredient mannequin to resolve for the potential contained in the tissue and an lively Hodgkin-Huxley mannequin based mostly on rat imaginative and prescient to foretell the corresponding retinal bipolar response.
Significance: We present that the OUReP is probably going able to eliciting responses in retinal bipolar cells essential to generate imaginative and prescient beneath most ambient circumstances
The preservation of marine ecosystems is among the most extreme challenges at current. Specifically, oil-water separation from oil spills and oily wastewater is vital. Because of this, a low-cost, efficient, and sustainable polymeric resolution is in excessive demand. On this work, a controlled-wettability membrane for selective separation of oil-water mixtures and emulsions is developed. The nanofibrous membrane is ready through a facile and cost-effective electrospinning method utilizing environmentally sustainable supplies, corresponding to recycled polyethylene terephthalate and chitosan.
The impact of various concentrations of chitosan on the morphology, chemical composition, mechanical properties, wettability, and separation efficiency of the membrane is evaluated. The membranes exhibited underoil superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic habits, which is important to carry out the selective separation. The truth is, the designed filter has aggressive antifouling properties (oil intrusion stress > 45 kPa) and confirmed excessive heavy- and light-oil/water separation efficiencies (>95%) each for emulsions and immiscible mixtures.
In vitro bio-interaction responses and hemocompatibility of Nano-based Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Polymer Embedded with Heterogeneous TiO 2/ZnO Nanocomposites for biomedical purposes
An revolutionary nano-base polymer that scavenges radicals and reactive oxygen species reveals potential antibacterial properties, that are essential within the biomedical area, notably in decreasing nosocomial infections. Nevertheless, the security of this nano-based polymer, which has direct contact with the human system, has not been absolutely understood. The current research investigated the cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility responses of linear low-density polyethylene polymer (LLDPE) embedded with distinction ratios of heterogeneous TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites.
Publicity of the blood and fibroblast cells to LLDPE/100Z and LLDPE/25T75Z/10% nanocomposite movies for 48 and 72 h decreased their viability by lower than 40%, in contrast with LLDPE, LLDPE/100T and LLDPE/25T75Z/5% nanocomposite movies. It additionally offered doable mobile injury and cytotoxicity, which was supported by the findings from the numerous launch of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) profiles and cell survival assay Additional commentary utilizing an electron microscope revealed that LLDPE movies with heterogeneous 25T75Z/5% promoted cell adhesion.
Furthermore, no hemolysis was detected in all ratios of heterogeneous TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite in LLDPE movie because it was lower than 0.2%, suggesting that these supplies have been hemocompatible. This research on LLDPE movie with heterogeneous TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites demonstrated favorable biocompatible properties that have been vital for superior biomedical polymer software in a hospital setting.
Synthesis of novel polymeric nanoparticles (methoxy-polyethylene glycol-chitosan/hyaluronic acid) containing 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin for colon most cancers remedy: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigation
The aim of the present research was to focus on 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) orally to colon tumours by synthesizing a concentrating on polymer. To attain the optimum supply for SN38, initially methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG)-chitosan was synthesized after which nanoparticles have been developed via ionic gelation between mPEG-chitosan and hyaluronic acid as a ligand for cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 receptor. The SN38 was loaded in nanoparticles (SN38-NPs) utilizing the non-covalent bodily adsorption methodology. The scale of the optimized SN38-NPs was 226.7 nm, encapsulation effectivity was 89.23% and drug content material was 7.98 ± 0.54% within the optimum formulation. The attachment of mPEG to chitosan was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
The outcomes of differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transforms infra-red evaluation indicated that SN38 existed in amorphous type and practical teams of SN38 protected within the formulations which might be an indication of appropriate encapsulation of SN38 in SN38-NPs. In vitro research indicated that SN38-NPs have been stronger in opposition to the most cancers cells than free SN38. The mobile uptake of SN38-NPs improved as much as 1.6-fold in opposition to human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Furthermore, SN38-NPs remarkably demonstrated superior anti-tumor efficacy in opposite to pure SN38. This means the benefit of SN38-NPs as a potent oral drug service which might be additional explored for scientific investigations.
In-Aircraft Shear Power of Single-Lap Co-Cured Joints of Self-Strengthened Polyethylene Composites
The current research introduces the evaluation of single-lap co-cured joints of thermoplastic self-reinforced composites made with reprocessed low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and strengthened by ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, together with a micromechanical evaluation of its constituents. A set of optimum processing circumstances for manufacturing these joints by hot-press is proposed via a design of experiment utilizing the response floor methodology to maximise their in-plane shear power by carrying tensile assessments on co-cured tapes.
Optimum processing circumstances have been discovered at 1 bar, 115 °C, and 300 s, yielding joints with 6.88 MPa of shear power. The shear failure is usually preceded by a number of debonding-induced longitudinal cracks each inside and out of doors the joint because of gathered transversal stress. This composite demonstrated to be an attention-grabbing structural materials to be extra extensively utilized in business, possessing extraordinarily elevated particular mechanical properties, progressive injury of co-cured joints (thus avoiding unannounced catastrophic failures) and supreme recyclability.
